Table of Contents
environmental balance
environmental balance
State whether the following statements are true or
false.
(i) Living and non-living things are dependent on
each other. True
(ü) One living thing can be a part of a number of
food chains. True
(iii) Every living thing gets its food from the
environment. True
(iv) There is only one food chain in our environment.
False
(v) It is important that environmental balance is
maintained. True
(i) What is ‘biodiversity’?
Ans. The variety we see in all the living things that belong
to a particular area is called the ‘biodiversity of that place.
(ii) How do scientists study the biodiversity of
place?
Ans. Scientists make a large number of observations
in different conditions such as day and night, in different
seasons etc. They use special devices to make
observations of living things that are found at great
heights or depths as well as of micro-organisms. These
observations are brought together and studied again.
What need do we meet through breathing ? How is this need met ?
Ans. The need of oxygen to survive is met through breathing. For this purpose
breathe in air through our nose.
From where does the earth get light and heat?
Ans. The earth gets light and heat from the sun
- The Spheres of Earth
Earth
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Land)
Water
Air)
Crust, rocks, soil
- 1/3rd part of • 2/3rd part of
Different types
Earth’s surface
Earth’s surface
of gases
1
Biosphere
(All living beings)
- Plants
Animals
Microbes
- Lithosphere
(1) The earth’s crust is made up of soil and rocks. The hard crust is called a
lithosphere.
(2) Lithosphere can be seen in different forms such as grassy expanses, barren
sand, fields with crops, forests, mountains, etc.
(3) The land mass on the earth is divided into seven continents.
A continent is a vast continuous stretch of land.
Total seven continents
- Europe
- Africa
- South
America
- Antarctica
- North
America
- Asia
(Largest
Continent)
- Australia
(Smallest
Continent
(4) One-third of the earth’s surface is occupied by lithosphere.
(5) The land is not even in all the places. This unevenness glves rise to different
landforms such as hills, plains, mountains, etc.
3
- Hydrosphere
(1) Water on the earth’s surface → Ground water – Water vapour in the atmosphere
Hydrosphere
(2) Two-third of earth’s surface is occupled by hydrosphere.
(3) Different forms of waterbodies :
- Oceans :
Atlantic
Pacine
Arctic
Indian Ocean
Southern ocean
Coastal waters: The land along the margin of the oceans is the coastal region.
Sea
Bay
Stralt
Cull
Creek
Fresh water bodies
. Surface water :
Brook
Stream
Waterfall
Lake
Pond
Rill
(Smallest)
River
(Biggest)
Water collected naturally
in low-lying areas
. Water in the form of ice :
When water droplets freeze in the clouds they come down as snow → Snowfall
occurs is cold regions → Layers of snow pile on the land → Ice → Moving ice
mass are glaciers
Icebergs : Huge blocks of ice floating in the sea.
. Groundwater : Water is stored in the underground layers of rock. Bore wells and
dug wells are used to extract this water.
- Atmosphere :
. The envelope of air around the earth is called the atmosphere.
Gases in the atmosphere
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Water vapour
Gases in small quantities
. Layers of atmosphere : Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere and
exosphere.
Important layers of atmosphere :
Troposphere
Stratosphere
environmental balance class 5
(1) Layer extending from the earth’s (1) Layer extending from troposphere
surface up to height of about 13 km. up to a height of about 50 km.
(2) The conditions in the troposphere (2) In the lower part of stratosphere,
there is layer of ozone gas.
are constantly changing. This affects
the living world to a great extent. (3) Ozone layer absorbs the harmful
(3) All weather-related phenomena such
ultra violet rays from sunlight.
as cloud formation, rain, fog, winds (4) This ozone umbrella protects living
and storms occur in troposphere. world on the earth.
environmental balance class 5
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