Table of Contents
AUXILIARIES:
PRIMARY AND MODAL
Auxiliaries म्हणजे साहाय्यक क्रियापदे यांचा उपयोग मुख्य क्रियापदाबरोबर
करून काही वेगळाच अर्थ/भाव व्यक्त केला जातो
There are 3 kinds of auuxiliaries: :
1) Primary
2)Modal
3) Marginal
1. Primary auxiliaries: :
1) Be-am, is, are, was, were, will be, shall be
2) Have- has, have,had
3)Do-dodoes, did.
यांना Primary auxiliaries म्हणतात, कारण ती मुख्य क्रियापद त्याचप्रमाणे
साहाय्यक क्रियापद म्हणूनही कार्य करीत असतात.
उदाः He is well.
He is getting well.
I have a pen.
She has completed her work.
AUXILIARIES
2.Modalauxiliaries: :
can, could, may, might, must, will, would , shall, should यांना
Modal auxiliaries म्हणतात. कारण त्यातून काही भावना किंवा विचार व्यक्त होत
असतात.या साहाय्यक क्रियापदंबरोबर वाक्याचा अर्थ स्पष्टपणे व्यक्त होण्याकरीता मुख्य
क्रियापदांचा उपयोग करावाच लागतो. त्यांचा स्वतंत्रपणे उपयोग करता येत नाही.
Ex. He can ride a horse.
It might rain this evening.
They should listen to their elders.
AUXILIARIES
3. Marginal auxiliaries:
need, dare, ought (to), used (to) या साहाय्यक क्रियापदांना Marginal
auxiliaries म्हणतात, कारण ती साहाय्यक क्रियापदाप्रमाणे कार्य करीत असल्यासारखे
वाटते परंतु खरे पाहता ती साहाय्यक क्रियापदे नसतात. त्यांच्या मुळ स्वरूपात ती मुख्य/पूर्ण
क्रियापदे म्हणूनही वापरता येतात.
1. You needn’t answer all my questions. (necessity)
2. Life is not so easy nowadays as it used to be.
(habitual activites/continued state/ past time – भूतकाळातील सवय,
पध्दत किंवा पूर्वी नेहमी घडत असणारी घटना, क्रिया व्यक्त करण्याकरिता उपयोग)
3. I dare not disobey my father. (courage/lack of courage
एखादी गोष्ट करण्यास धजणे किंवा न धजणे, हे व्यक्त करण्याकरिता उपयोग)
4. We ought to win the match. (obligation with logical necessity
or expectation एखादी गोष्ट करणे आपले कर्तव्य आहे, ते आपण केले पाहिजे असे
बंधन/अपेक्षा व्यक्त करण्याकरिता उपयोग)
AUXILIARIES
MORE ABOUT MODALAUXILIARES
यापूर्वी नमूद केलेल्या Modal auxiliary मधून (साहाय्यकारी क्रियापदामधून)
कोणते विविध प्रकारचे अर्थ/भाव सूचित/व्यक्त होतात हे आपण पाहूया.
AUXILIARIES
1. The Modal auxiliary: can
Can is used to show ability or possibility. can या साहाय्यक क्रियापदाचा
उपयोग क्षमता/सामर्थ्य व शक्यता दर्शवण्याकरिता होतो.
1) I can make coffee. [ability]
2) The rains can set in anytime. [possibility]
2. The modal auxiliary ‘can’ may be replaced by is/are able to
and cannot be replaced by ‘is/are not able to or is/are unable to.
can या साहाय्यक क्रियापदाऐवजी is/areable to आणि cannot ऐवजी is/are not
able किंवा is/are unable to वापरता येते.
1) Nandita can do difficult sums in her head.
Nandita is able to do difficult sums in her head.
2) Shabana cannot read a word.
Shabana is not able to read a word.
Shabana is unable to read a word.
AUXILIARIES
2. The modal auxiliary : Could
Could is used to show possibility, ability or request in the
past. could या साहाय्यक क्रियापदाचा उपयोग शक्यता, क्षमता किंवा विनंती
दर्शवण्याकरिता होतो.
1) The trees could dry up in this heat. (possibility)
2) We could ride a bicycle in our youth. (ability)
3) Could you turn the TV on? (request)
3. The modal auxiliaries: may and might
The modal auxiliares may and might are used to show possibility
or official permission. May & might यांचा उपयोग शक्यता व परवानगी
दर्शवण्यासाठी व विनंती करण्याकरिता केला जातो.
i) They may know the answer. (possibility)
They might know the answer. (possibility)
ii) May I join the party with my friends? (permission)
Might I ask you to move just a little?(request)
iii) May I come in, sir? (official permission)
AUXILIARIES
4. The modalauxiliary: Must’
‘Must’ refers to compulsion or obligation.
Must या साहाय्यक क्रियापदाने सक्ती, आवश्यकता, कर्तव्य, बंधन, निश्चितता असे
निरनिराळे अर्थ व्यक्त होतात.
1. You must sign the register before you enter the hall.
(compulsion)
2. Children must pay their fees.(obligation)
AUXILIARIES
5.The modalauxiliaries: “used to’ and ‘would’
Used to and would refer to habitual action in the pas
भूतकाळातील सवय,पध्दत, क्रिया किंवा पूर्वी नेहमी घडत असणारी घटना/क्रिया व्यक
करण्याकरिता ‘used to’ or would’चा उपयोग केला जातो.
1. We used to go to there every day.
2. We would go to there every day.
वरील दोन्ही वाक्यांचा अर्थ एकच आहे.
AUXILIARIES
6. The modal auxiliaries: ‘shall’and ‘will’
Will and ‘shall’usually refer to future events. However, they als
express other aspects such as certainty, possibllity, request, offer
threats, warnings, etc,
The auxiliary’shall’is generally used with the subject l’or ‘we’
सामान्यतः shall’ & ‘will’ ही क्रियापदे भविष्यकाळातील घटना दर्शवण्याकधि
वापरतात. परंतु त्याचबरोबर शक्यता,आज्ञा,सूचना, निश्चिती/खात्री, इशारा/ताकी
धमकी, विनंती इत्यादी भावनासुध्दा व्यक्त होत असतात.
1) Samruddhi will pass the examination. (future event)
2) Going to gym will help building your muscles. (certainty)
3) I shall tell your mother if you don’t change your ways. (warning)
Should – should is used to give advice. This is the only use of
should. In Indirect speech shall is converted into would and not
should
Ex. You should speak softly.
They should behave.
Underline the modal auxiliaries in the given sentences
and state their meanings.
1) He can speak English fluently.
2) She could not find her purse.
3) I shall return your book.
4) He will come in time.
5) Children should obey their parents.
6) Tomorrow will be monday.
Would you give me your pen?
8) May I borrow your book?
9) It might rain today.
10) We must pay the tax.